MOMMY AND DADDY 4 TO 8 WEEKS

 At 4 weeks the lungs are beginning to form however the major portion of the lung development is  not occuring. Brain activity can be recorded. Eyes are present but no eyelids yet. The heart is more developed and is beating. Structures that will become arms and legs called limb buds begin to appear. Early reflexes develop. The length is less than 1/4 inch. All essential organs have begun to form. Elbows are visible. Facial features the eyes, nose, lips and tongue continue to develop. The outer ears begin to take shape. The hands and feet have fingers and toes but might still be webbed. Organs begin to be controlled by the brain. The length is about 1/2 to 3/4 inch At 8 weeks the developing unborn child is now called a fetus rather than an embryo. The head is half the length of the body. The arms and legs are long and thin. Red blood cells are produced. The weight is less than ½ of an ounce. The length is about 1 1/4 to 1 3/4 inches.



Moms body is now changing. she will now have to go to a doctor to see or plan when the pregnancy will be. Mom has hormones that may cause her to have morning sickness. the mothers uterus is now the size of an orange.



 the odds of having twins is 1.2 per 100 live births and tripplets occur 1 per 6,889 births. Women who are black have a higher rate of having twins and women who are asain have the littlest chance of having twins of tripplets.


One of the best ways to decide if they want a midwife and a doctor is to find a place that both of them in the same practice. Most places will let you switch on and off between the two. Most people choose a doctor because they have so much pain that the doctors will give them pain killers to help the women.

• eat a well balnced meal
• exercise
• get 7 to 10 hours of sleep per day
• dont take drugs your not suspossed to
• wearing comfortable clothing
• drinking plenty of fluids

 

MOMMY AND DADDY

• The egg is fertilized and the cells multiply to 23 from mom and 23 from dad.three days after conception the zygote now consists of 16 cells and is called a 16 cell morula. It has normally reached the junction of the fallopian tube and the uterus. 5 days after conception a cavity appears in the center of the morula. 9 or 10 days after conception the blastocyst has fully attached itself to endometrium. At 3 weeks the embryo is now about 1/12" long, the size of a pencil point. At 4 weeks the embryo is now about 1/5" long. It looks like a tadpole. The structure that will develop into a head is visible, as is a noticeable tail. The embryo has structures like the gills of a fish in the area that will later develop into a throat

• The physical changes that is going on wiht mom is that mom is pregnant and her stomach is getting bigger everyday. the physical changes going on with dad is that he is now happy because he is going to be a father and mom is going to be a mother.

•  The things that mom and dad should be thinking about is what to name their child depending on if its a boy or a girl. they also should not be doing any drugs such as cocaine, maryjawana,hairon, smoking ,drinking and over the counter drugs. they should eat a well balanced meal and getting enough exercise and sleep.

TASK 2

"Should there be government regulations to protect the environment from genetically engineered crops?"

Genetically engineered foods containing genes derived from bacteria and viruses are now starting to appear in the shops, and foods with insect, fish, and animal genes will be next. These genetic changes are radically different from those resulting from traditional methods of breeding. The sale of these foods is being permitted without proper assessment of the risks and without tolerable informing the public even though many scientists say that genetically modified foods could cause serious damage to health and the environment. Because living organisms are highly complex, genetic engineers cannot possibly predict all of the effects of introducing new genes into them. This is the case for even the simplest bacterium, not to mention more complex plants and animals. The process of genetic engineering can introduce dangerous new allergens and toxins into foods that were previously naturally safe. Already one genetically engineered soybean was found to cause serious allergic reactions and bacteria genetically engineered to produce large amounts of the food supplement, tryptophan, have produced toxic contaminants that killed 37 people and permanently disabled 1,500 more.Unlike chemical or nuclear contamination, genetic pollution is self-perpetuating. It can never be reversed or cleaned up, genetic mistakes will be passed on to all future generations of a species When genetic engineers insert a new gene into any organism there are position effects which can lead to unpredictable changes in the pattern of gene expression and genetic function. The protein product of the inserted gene may carry out unexpected reactions and produce potentially toxic products. There is also serious concern about the dangers of using genetically engineered viruses as delivery vehicles in the generation of transgenic plants and animals. This could destabilise the genome, and also possibly create new viruses, and thus dangerous new diseases.The process of inserting genes is quite random and can damage normal genes. Genetic research shows that many weaknesses in plants, animals, and humans have their origin in tiny imperfections in the genetic code. The random damage resulting from gene insertion will inevitably result in side-effects and accidents.

TASK 2

Since hundreds of billions of dollars a year is at stake in the biotech industry the industry has involve on a massive lobbying and PR campaign which includes strategies to immediately attempt to shame any conflict to their products. Because of their enormous political power they have thus far been able to pressure the FDA so that no labeling of genetic engineering products is currently required under federal law.Despite valid scientific, ethical, and religious concerns, it is unlikely that federal labeling regulations will be introduced in the near future. Environmental activists, religious organizations, public interest groups, professional associations and other scientists and government officials have all raised concerns about GM foods, and criticized them for pursuing profit without concern for potential hazards and the government for failing to exercise adequate regulatory oversight.Lack of labeling of genetically engineered foods shows a blatant disregard for the rights of citizens in a free society. The overwhelming number of people naturally want to know what is in the food they are buying. Labeling for all kinds of ingredients is already required. In many cases the need for labeling of certain kinds of ingredients is not as urgent as for labeling of genetically engineered foods. Free choice in the food we buy is dependent on information on the content of the food. You cannot identify genetically engineered food just by looking at it. Without labeling citizens are denied what should be their fundamental right. Labeling genetically engineered foods in no way restricts the rights of those people who do decide to purchase and consume them.

"Should there be government regulations requiring genetically engineered foods to be labeled?"

LEGISLATOR STATEMENT

All GE foods should be labeled. They should be labeled so that they can read what are in the food, for religious purposes, dietary purposes, and allergic purposes. They would need to know how specific information about the foods they eat.

1.Recent scientific research has also demonstrated the occurrence of severe allergic reactions to foods to which the eater is not allergic but which include genes genetically engineered into the food from other foods or substances to which the eater is allergic.

2.There is a wide range of religious problems with genetically engineered foods. Religious vegetarians, such as Seventh Day Adventists and Buddhists, want to be able to identify and avoid fruits and vegetables with insect, animal or humans genes in them. Jews who keep kosher food laws want to be able to make sure that genetically engineered foods do not violate their restrictions.

INTRODUCTION # 4

What are the potential risks of genetically engineered foods overall?
  -Many previous technologies have proved to have adverse effects unexpected by their developers. DDT, for example, turned out to accumulate in fish and thin the shells of fish-eating birds like eagles and ospreys. And chlorofluorocarbons turned out to float into the upper atmosphere and destroy ozone, a chemical that shields the earth from dangerous radiation.

Consumers Commonly Asked Questions:

1. Should genetically engineered food be labeled and why? - The FDA does not think that it is necessary to label genetically altered food because their standards are strong enough.  Allthough FDA already requires altered products to be labeled if they can cause an allergy or if they have been significantly altered. Americans are eating genetically modified food without their knowledge. There is not enough research to prove the safety these foods.

2. The benefits of genetically altered foods are herbicide tolerance, disease resistance,  cold tolerance, pest resistance, drought tolerance/salinity tolerance, nutrition, pharmaceuticals and genetically engineered plants, such as poplar trees to clean up heavy metals pollution from the soil.

3. what are the risks for labeling genetically engineered foods?
 -could lead consumers to think the food has negative health effects but some feel that it is very helpful in that farmers would not have to use as many pesticides.

4. Is there a need to label genetically engineered foods from the consumer's point of view?
-Yes, this would be helpful so the consumer can understand how the food is altered and the benefits to them.